Adverse childhood experiences & abuse
The (USA) National Comorbidity survey was analysed retrospectively to look at childhood neglect and risk of developing T2DM...
The (USA) National Comorbidity survey was analysed retrospectively to look at childhood neglect and risk of developing T2DM.(n=5877).
Neglect is associated with a significantly higher risk of T2DM (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.4) which a higher risk in women.
This risk remained raised when adjusting for race, marital status, income or education; although physical or sexual abuse was not associated with an increase risk (Goodwin & Stein, 2004).
The nurses’ study had slightly different findings. It was reviewed from the perspective of abuse and adverse childhood experiences. There is a significant higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and it is dependent on the level of abuse. (Rich-Edwards, et al., 2010 ).
The hazards ratio (HR) was 1.03 for mild physical abuse, 1.26 for moderate physical abuse, and 1.54 for severe physical abuse. Compared with women reporting no sexual abuse in childhood or adolescence, the HR was 1.16 for unwanted sexual touching, 1.34 for one episode of forced sexual activity, and 1.69 for repeated forced sex. Adult BMI accounted for 60% of the association of child and adolescent physical abuse and 64% of the association of sexual abuse with diabetes.
References
Goodwin, R. D., & Stein, M. B. (2004). Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States. Psychological medicine, 34(3), 509-520.
Rich-Edwards, J. W., Spiegelman, D., Lividoti-Hibert, E. N., Jun, H. J., Todd, T. J., Kawachi, I., & Write, R. J. (2010 ). Abuse in childhood and adolescence as a predictor of type 2 diabetes in adult women. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 39(6), 529-536.